PENETAPAN HUTAN ADAT PASCA PUTUSAN MK NOMOR 35/PUU-X/ 2012 UNTUK PENGEMBALIAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT

Penetapan Hutan Adat Pasca Putusan MK Nomor 35/PUU-X/ 2012 Untuk Pengembalian Pengelolaan Hutan Oleh Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dewi Sartika, 1430112004, Program Doktor Ilmu Hukum Fakultas hukum Universitas Andalas, Padang, 2021 Abstrak Dalam UU Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan menyebutkan bahwa hutan adat adalah hutan negara yang berada dalam wilayah Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA). Hal ini menimbulkan ketidakadilan dan kerugian besar bagi MHA. Dan jelas bertentangan dengan UUD 1945. Setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstutusi Nomor 35/PUU-X/ 2012 disebutkan bahwa hutan adat adalah hutan yang berada di wilayah MHA, dan bukan lagi hutan Negara. Namun dalam kenyataannya masih banyak hutan adat itu tetap diklaim secara sepihak oleh Pemerintah. Pengembalian kedudukan hutan adat pasca Putusan MK Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012 sangat sulit dan berbelit harus melalui proses pengakuan bersyarat melalui Peraturan Daerah. Berkaitan dengan hal itu permasalahan yang dibahas adalah 1) Bagaimanakah kedudukan hutan adat sebelum adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012? 2) Bagaimanakah pengembalian kedudukan hutan adat pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012? 3) Bagaimanakah konsep pengelolaan hutan adat yang memberikan manfaat sosial dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup kedepan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah statute approach dan historical approach. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pertama, kedudukan hutan adat sebelum adanya Putusan MK 35/2012 bahwa hutan adat pengelolaannya dikuasai sepenuhnya oleh Negara karena UUK Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 menyebutkan bahwa hutan adat adalah hutan negara yang berada dalam wilayah MHA. Sebelum adanya Putusan MK Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012, Pemerintah melalui Kementerian LHK belum pernah mengeluarkan Surat Keputusan Hutan Adat, ini terlihat jelas bahwa Putusan MK ini menjadi satu kekuatan hukum dalam pengakuan MHA dan Hutan Adatnya. Kedua, pengembalian kedudukan hutan adat pasca Putusan MK 35 Tahun 2012 masih terkesan lamban, karena persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah untuk pengakuan MHA dan Hutan adat sangat sulit dan berlapis antara lain pengakuan bersyarat Pasal 67 ayat (2) UUK, prosedur permohonan hutan adat Pasal 5 ayat (2) Permen LHK Nomor P.21/2019, meskipun telah ada produk hukum peraturan daerah tentang pengakuan MHA, tidak serta merta pengembalian hutan adat dapat diperoleh. Ketiga, konsep pengelolaan hutan adat yang memberikan manfaat sosial dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup kedepan, Pengelolaan hutan adat di masa yang akan datang harus sejalan dengan arah pembangunan kehutanan di abad 21 yang telah bergeser dari orientasi ekonomi ke arah pembangunan kehutanan yang berorientasikan pada resources and community based development (Sumber Daya Pembangunan Berbasis Masyarakat). Membangun satu terobosan “hutan kaya masyarakat kaya”. Kata Kunci : Hutan Adat, Putusan MK 35/PUU-X/ 2012, Pengelolaan. Determination of Customary Forests After the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 35/PUU-X/ 2012 For Restoration of Forest Management by Indigenous Law Communities Dewi Sartika, 1430112004, Doctor of Law Program, Faculty of Law, Andalas University, Padang, 2021 ABSTRACT In Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, it is stated that customary forest is a state forest located within the territory of the Customary Law Community (MHA). This creates injustice and great loss for MHA. And it clearly contradicts the 1945 Constitution. After the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 35/PUU-X/2012 it was stated that customary forest is forest located in MHA territory, and no longer State forest. But in reality there are still many customary forests that are still claimed unilaterally by the Government. The restoration of the status of customary forests after the Constitutional Court's Decision Number 35/PUU-X/2012 is very difficult and convoluted and must go through a process of conditional recognition through Regional Regulations. In this regard, the issues discussed are 1) What was the status of customary forests prior to the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/PUU-X/2012? 2) How is the status of customary forest restored after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/PUU-X/2012? 3) What is the concept of customary forest management that provides social benefits and environmental conservation in the future. This research is a normative legal research. The approach used is the statute approach and the historical approach. The results of the study show, first, the position of customary forests before the Constitutional Court Decision 35/2012 that customary forest management is fully controlled by the State because UUK Number 41 of 1999 states that customary forests are state forests located within the MHA territory. Prior to the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35/PUU-X/2012, the Government through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry had never issued a Customary Forest Decree, it is clear that this Constitutional Court Decision has become a legal force in the recognition of MHA and their Customary Forests. Second, the restoration of the position of customary forests after the Constitutional Court Decision 35 of 2012 still seems slow, because the requirements set by the Government for the recognition of MHA and customary forests are very difficult and layered, including conditional recognition of Article 67 paragraph (2) UUK, procedures for applying for customary forests Article 5 paragraph (2) Permen LHK Number P.21/2019, although there are already legal products of regional regulations concerning the recognition of MHA, it does not necessarily result in the return of customary forests being obtained. Third, the concept of customary forest management that provides social benefits and environmental conservation in the future. The management of customary forests in the future must be in line with the direction of forestry development in the 21st century which has shifted from an economic orientation towards forestry development that is oriented towards resources and community based. development (Community Based Development Resources). Building a breakthrough “rich forest rich people”. Keywords: Customary Forest, Constitutional Court Decision 35/PUU-X/ 2012, Management