New coronavirus infection as trigger factor for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: Literature review and analysis of original data

The article presents data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestations and diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with a new coronavirus infection. Objective of the research: to identify clinical manifestations and results of laboratory and instrumental examination of pediatric patients with confirmed MIS-C caused by a new coronavirus infection, the most characteristic features of this pathology and to analyze the amount of therapy based on the assessment of epidemiological data. Results: median age – 8 years (6; 9,5), median duration of the disease at the time of hospitalization – 6 days (3; 6). A positive result of SARS-CoV-2 analysis in rhinopharyngeal swabs by PCR was in 3 patients, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA were detected in 10. Clinical manifestations included prolonged febrile fever in 11 patients, gastrointestinal symptoms of varying severity – in 10, polymorphic rash was noted in 7 cases, conjunctivitis/scleritis – in 7, edema of the eyelids, face, extremities – in 4. CNS lesion manifested itself with general cerebral and meningeal symptoms. All patients had an increase in the level of inflammation laboratory markers. In 2 children chest MSCT revealed characteristic changes for SARS-CoV-2, interpreted as CT 3–4. Therapy included intravenous immunoglobulin infusions, systemic glucocorticoids, antiviral and antibacterial drugs, anticoagulants; two patients received tocilizumab infusions