Строение снежной толщи на Кольском полуострове

In 2016–2019, the structure of the snow thickness in the northern and central parts of the Kola Peninsula (from the Barents Sea to the Khibiny Mountains) was studied in tundra, forest-tundra, taiga, high–altitude Arctic and other landscapes during the periods of maximum recrystallization of the snow (February–April) and initial snow accumulation (October). 37 borings were made in the snow thicknesses. 399 snow layers of different ages and genesis were examined. In the total, 399 measurements of the density, porosity, structure of snow (size and shape of ice crystals) and texture (orientation of crystals and pores) of snow layers, 413 measurements of temperature at the contacts between snow layers, 46 measurements of the temporary resistance of the layer to rupture, 27 measurements of the time resistance to compression, 119 measurements of the resistance of the snow layer to horizontal sounding (with a cross-shaped tip that allows taking into account the anisotropy of the snow layer) were performed. The percentage of crystals of different classes of shapes in the layer was determined. It was found that the Kola Peninsula has a high rate of evolution of the snow thickness. Even in multi-snow winters (including the landscapes of high-altitude Arctic deserts in Khibiny and Monche-tundra) in March, up to 90% of the snow thickness is made up of snow layers with a columnar and fibrous texture, composed of ice crystals of semi-skeletal and skeletal classes of shapes with a diameters of up to 4 mm. These patterns of the evolution are typical for the Arctic and Subarctic (confirmed by studies on the Yamal Peninsula, in the lower reaches of the Northern Dvina River and in Karelia). Values of the strength characteristics of the snow layer (time resistance to rupture, resistance to compression, and to horizontal sounding with regard for the anisotropy of the snow layer texture) are the lower, the higher the content of crystals in the layer of the highest stages of evolution (skeletal) and the more developed the texture of the layer. The lowest values of strength characteristics were observed in snow layers with a fibrous texture.В 2016–2019 гг. исследовалась структура, текстура и физические свойства снежной толщи в северной и центральной частях Кольского полуострова в тундровых, лесотундровых, таёжных, высокогорных арктических и других ландшафтах в периоды начального снегонакопления (октябрь) и максимальной перекристаллизации снежной толщи (февраль–апрель). В 37 шурфах было исследовано 399 снежных слоёв разного возраста. Установлено, что к марту до 90% снежной толщи состоит из снежных слоёв со столбчатой и волокнистой текстурой, сложенных ледяными кристаллами полускелетного и скелетного классов диаметром до 4 мм