Investigation of genetic diversity in flixweed (Descurainia sophia) germplasm from Kerman province using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers

Flixweed plant bearing the scientific title of ‘Descurainia sophia’ is recognized across the planet as well as in Iran, as an herbal medicine. The present study investigates the genetic diversity of germplasm of flixweed in Kerman Province using and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Flixweed seeds were initially collected from 15 fields in different regions of Kerman, and the DNA were extracted from the seeds utilizing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method with slight alterations and elongation of DNA washing stages. The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA was measured using electrophoresis and Scandrop devices. 20 RAPD primers were utilized for higher band and relatively lower costs; 16 primers which had produced more lucid bands in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as four ISSR primers in which band differentiation was thoroughly distinguishable were used for the analysis. The number of 146 polymorphism bands was obtained from the mentioned initial numbers and the scoring process was carried out. The obtained 0 to 1 matrix, employing NTSYS-pc, was turned into similarity matrix using Dice similarity coefficient and subsequently the dandrogram was drawn using un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). With regard to the results, the 15 selected regions were categorized into four separate groups. Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed of which two and three dimensions graphs using 20 primers were drawn. Finally, the results show that RAPD and ISSR markers maintained desirable distinguishing power in determining the genetic diversity and family relations of the mass under discussion.Key words: Kerman, flixweed, random amplified polymorphic DNA, inter-simple sequence repeat markers, genetic diversity