Effect of ozone gas processing on physical and chemical properties of wheat proteins

Purpose: To investigate the effects of ozone treatment on chemical and physical properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gluten, glutenin and gliadin.Methods: Wheat proteins isolated from wheat flour were treated with ozone gas. The physical and chemical properties of gluten proteins were investigated after treatment with ozone gas, with 5 g/h produced as a function of time (0, 30, and 60 min) in the study. To check whether the process of ozonation promoted changes in the quality of gluten proteins, sulfhydryl groups (SH), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), secondary structure, SDS-PAGE, and rheology analyses were performed.Results: Sulfhydryl group contents of wheat proteins ranged from 1.1 to 7.12 μmol/g. Sulfhydryl group content for all ozonated proteins was significantly lower than that of the control samples. Gluten proteins showed reduced SDS-PAGE band intensities of both high (HMW) gluten and glutenin subunits with increasing ozone gas treatment. The denaturation temperatures (Td) of ozonated gluten proteins were higher (99.80–106.79 °C) and the enthalpies of the ozonated gluten proteins were lower than those of the control samples. The storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G”) of gluten and glutenin tended to increase from 7.84 to 10.20 KPa and 43.19 to 48.28 KPa, and from 3.33 to 4.06 KPa and 20.74 to 22.56 KPa, respectively, as ozone exposure increased from 0 to 30 min.Conclusion: Ozone gas can oxidize wheat proteins. Exposing wheat proteins to ozone gas for an extended time (60 min) deteriorated wheat protein quality.Keywords: Ozone treatment, Gluten proteins, Chemical changes, Rheological studies, CD spectroscopy, Thermal propertie