Exact Percolation Probability on the Square Lattice

We present an algorithm to compute the exact probability $R_{n}(p)$ for a site percolation cluster to span an $n\times n$ square lattice at occupancy $p$. The algorithm has time and space complexity $O(\lambda^n)$ with $\lambda \approx 2.6$. It allows us to compute $R_{n}(p)$ up to $n=24$. We use the data to compute estimates for the percolation threshold $p_c$ that are several orders of magnitude more precise than estimates based on Monte-Carlo simulations.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 5 table