Non-collinear generation of angularly isolated circularly polarized high harmonics

We generate angularly isolated beams of circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet light through the first implementation of non-collinear high harmonic generation with circularly polarized driving lasers. This non-collinear technique offers numerous advantages over previous methods, including the generation of higher photon energies, the separation of the harmonics from the pump beam, the production of both left and right circularly polarized harmonics at the same wavelength and the capability of separating the harmonics without using a spectrometer. To confirm the circular polarization of the beams and to demonstrate the practicality of this new light source, we measure the magnetic circular dichroism of a 20 nm iron film. Furthermore, we explain the mechanisms of non-collinear high harmonic generation using analytical descriptions in both the photon and wave models. Advanced numerical simulations indicate that this non-collinear mixing enables the generation of isolated attosecond pulses with circular polarization.This work was completed at JILA. D.H., J.E., T.F., K.D., H.C. and M.M. acknowledge support from the Department of Energy BES Award DE-FG02-99ER14982. M.M., H.K. and C.D. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation’s Engineering Research Centre in Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology. C.D. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under MURI grant FA9550-10-1-0561. J.E. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1144083). C.H.-G. acknowledges support from a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the EU Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2007–2013), under REA grant agreement no. 328334. C. H.-G. acknowledges support from Junta de Castilla y León (Project SA116U13) and MINECO (FIS2013-44174-P). A.J.-B. was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (grants nos. PHY-1125844 and PHY-1068706). This work made use of the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award no. CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado, Boulder. P.G. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. GR 4234/1–1). R.K. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council (VR) for financial support. A.B. acknowledges support from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences