Numerical analysis of RC plane structures : a concentrated nonlinear effect approach.

The present work aims to study the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structures via Refined Plastic Hinge Method (RPHM). Pseudo-springs are used at the finite element ends, where the gradual loss of stiffness is determined by the combination of the normal force and bending moment (NM) in the cross section. The limiting of the uncracked, elastic and plastic regimes is done in the NM diagram. The concrete cracking is explicitly simulated with two approaches to calculate the effective moment of inertia of the cross section. The displacement-based formulation is referenced to the co-rotational system and coupled with continuation strategies to allow to overcome the possible critical points in the equilibrium paths. For validation of the numerical simulations, the results found with the proposed formulation are confronted with experimental and numerical data present in literature