Sa?de mental e o uso abusivo de ?lcool e outras drogas em universit?rios

O uso abusivo de drogas l?citas e il?citas entre os universit?rios t?m gerado uma s?rie de problemas psicossociais por estar associado ao desencadeamento de transtornos mentais e ainda coincidir com um per?odo de transi??o do ensino m?dio ? universidade. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar o uso indiscriminado de ?lcool e outras drogas, associando-os a transtornos mentais relatados pelos universit?rios. Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Utilizou-se do Question?rio para Triagem do uso de ?lcool, Tabaco e Outras Subst?ncias, a Escala de Depend?ncia de ?lcool e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire, aplicados via plataforma online (Google Forms), al?m da coleta de dados sociodemogr?ficos, socioecon?micos, condi??es de sa?de, ano de admiss?o, curso e regularidade na universidade. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 310 universit?rios com 18 anos ou mais de idade, sendo que 94,8% (n=275) tinham at? 30 anos de idade. A idade m?dia foi de 23,08?4,38 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (63,5%, n=197), solteira (93,8%, n=291) e residentes em Minas Gerais (95,5%, n=273). A maioria relatou ser heterossexual (73,7%, n=232), entretanto, apenas 49,2% da amostra (n=155) optou por relatar a identidade de g?nero, sendo a maioria mulher ou homem cisg?neros (54,7%, n=127). A grande maioria dos universit?rios n?o trabalha (84,4%, n=266) ou recebe bolsa de inicia??o cient?fica (86%, n=271), mora com amigos em rep?blicas ou familiares (77,1%, n=243), estuda em hor?rio integral (64,1%, n=202) na ?rea da sa?de/biol?gicas (49,2%, n=155), tendo ingressado na universidade entre os anos de 2018 e 2019 (41,2%, n=130). Na avalia??o de sofrimento mental dos universit?rios, observou-se que metade da amostra apresentou sofrimento mental (49,2%, n=155). Segundo o risco do padr?o de consumo de cada droga questionada, observou-se que nenhuma droga foi classificada como alto risco, n?o sugerindo depend?ncia pelos universit?rios participantes. Por?m, observou-se risco moderado para tabaco (16,8%, n=52), maconha (11%, n=34), coca?na (3,9%, n=12) e ?lcool (1,3%, n=4). As institui??es de ensino devem focar em estrat?gias mais eficientes e vi?veis para a preven??o do consumo de subst?ncias psicoativas por meio da cria??o de espa?os de acolhimento de universit?rios, troca de experi?ncias e apoio profissional. Ainda, faz-se necess?rio uma maior inser??o do tema na forma??o acad?mica para que este fen?meno seja amplamente compreendido.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2020.The abuse of legal and illegal drugs among university students has generated a series of psychosocial problems associated with the onset of mental disorders. Also, it coincides with a transition period from high school to university. This research aimed to identify the indiscriminate use of alcohol and other drugs, associating them with mental disorders reported by university students. It was a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Questionnaire for Screening the Use of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, the Alcohol Dependence Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, applied via the online platform (Google Forms), and sociodemographic and socioeconomic data, health conditions, year of admission, course and regularity at the university were collected. A total of 310 university students 18 years of age or older participated in the research, and 94.8% (n = 275) were up to 30 years of age. The average age was 23.08 ? 4.38 years, the majority being female (63.5%, n = 197), single (93.8%, n = 291) and living in Minas Gerais (95, 5%, n = 273). The majority reported being heterosexual (73.7%, n = 232). However, only 49.2% of the sample (n = 155) chose to report gender identity, the majority being men or women cisgenders (54.7%, n = 127). The vast majority of university students do not work (84.4%, n = 266) or receive a scientific initiation scholarship (86%, n = 271), live with friends in republics or family (77.1%, n = 243), study full time (64.1%, n = 202) in the health / biological field (49.2%, n = 155), having entered the university between the years 2018 and 2019 (41.2%, n = 130). In the assessment of mental distress among university students, it was observed that half of the sample presented mental distress (49.2%, n = 155). According to the risk of each questioned drug's consumption pattern, it was observed that no drug was classified as high risk, not suggesting dependence by the participating university students. However, there was a moderate risk for tobacco (16.8%, n = 52), marijuana (11%, n = 34), cocaine (3.9%, n = 12) and alcohol (1.3%, n = 4). Educational institutions should focus on more efficient and viable strategies for preventing the consumption of psychoactive substances by creating spaces for the reception of university students, experiences exchange and professional support. Still, it is necessary a larger theme insertion in the academic training for this phenomenon is widely understood