A reten??o escolar no curso de Ci?ncia e Tecnologia da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM Campus Jana?ba/MG

Desde sua implanta??o, no ano 2014, o curso de Bacharelado em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia (BC&T) da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) em Jana?ba/MG enfrenta o problema da reten??o de seus alunos. Por n?o haver um estudo cient?fico sobre a reten??o no BC&T, esta pesquisa procurou investigar as suas causas. O per?odo de tempo escolhido foi entre o primeiro per?odo de 2016 e o segundo per?odo de 2017. A partir dos trabalhos de Pierre Bourdieu, Maria Helena Sousa Patto, Fran?ois Dubet e Marilena de Souza Chau?, a pesquisa abordou o tema da reten??o escolar ? luz das teorias/discursos que historicamente a discutiram, identificando as interpreta??es das causas e consequ?ncias que essas leituras tiveram para a educa??o e, em especial, para universidades p?blicas na contemporaneidade. Para isso, enveredou-se pela discuss?o da implanta??o das pol?ticas neoliberais na educa??o, p?s d?cada de 1990, e expans?o das vagas no ensino superior brasileiro. Nesta pesquisa, procurou-se dar ouvidos aos principais sujeitos (discentes, docentes e membros do N?cleo Docente Estruturante) envolvidos no processo de reten??o no BC&T, com o objetivo de identificar as suas causas e tra?ar o perfil dos discentes retidos nesse curso. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a infraestrutura do pr?dio em que estava instalado o Campus, apesar de ter contribu?do para os altos ?ndices de reten??o dos discentes que responderam ao question?rio, n?o foi o ?nico fator. Tamb?m foram apontados, pelos sujeitos pesquisados, outros fatores relacionados ? institui??o que contribu?ram para a potencializa??o dos ?ndices de reten??o como: excesso de discentes por disciplina; forma inadequada de distribui??o das notas; a did?tica de alguns professores e n?veis de dificuldades das disciplinas. Constatou-se que, em geral, o primeiro e o segundo per?odo do curso apresentam os maiores percentuais de reten??o e que essa atinge com maior intensidade as mulheres e os egressos de escolas p?blicas. Os dados apontam que as situa??es de desigualdade e as rela??es de poder existentes na sociedade, acabam sendo reproduzidas no interior do ambiente educacional. Esses dados revelam que, embora todos tenham a mesma oportunidade de estudarem em um curso como o BC&T, nem todos possuem as mesmas condi??es, devido aos entraves socioecon?micos, de se desenvolverem. Por fim, trata da necessidade de implanta??o de pol?ticas p?blicas de a??es afirmativas, que proporcionem as condi??es para o desenvolvimento dos discentes pertencentes ?s classes sociais mais baixas.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2021.Since its implementation in 2014, the Bachelor of Science and Technology (BS&T) major at the Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM) in Jana?ba, Minas Gerais has faced the problem of retaining its students. Because there is no scientific study on retention in this specific major, this research sought to investigate its causes. The chosen time period was between the first semester of 2016 and the second semester of 2017. Based on the works of Pierre Bourdieu, Maria Helena Sousa Patto, Fran?ois Dubet and Marilena de Souza Chau?, the research addressed the school retention topic in light of the theories / discourses that historically discussed it, identifying the interpretations of the causes and consequences that these readings had for education and, in particular, for contemporary public universities. To this end, it was embarked on a discussion of the implementation of neoliberal policies in education after the 1990s, and the expansion of vacancies in Brazilian higher education. In this research, it was aimed to listen to the main subjects (students, teachers and members of the Structuring Teaching Center involved in the retention process at BS&T in order to identify its causes and outline the profile of students retained in this bachelor. The survey results pointed out that the building infrastructure of where the Campus was installed, was not the only factor, despite having contributed to the high retention rates of students who answered the questionnaire. Other factors that contributed to the enhancement of retention rates were also pointed out by the subjects surveyed, such as: high number of students for the bachelor subjects; inadequate grading system; the teaching practice of some teachers and the difficulty levels of the subjects. It was found that in general, the first and second semesters of the bachelor have the highest percentage of retention and this affects women and graduates of public schools with greater intensity. The data indicate that the situations of inequality and power relations, existent within society, end up being reproduced in the educational environment. These data reveal that, although everyone has the same opportunity to study in an undergraduate degree like BS&T, not everyone has the same conditions, due to socioeconomic barriers, to develop themselves. Finally, it addresses the need to implement public affirmative action policies that provide the conditions for the development of students who come from lower social classes