Screening cultivated eggplant and wild relatives for resistance to sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)

[EN] Whiteflies and spider mites are amongst the most harmful eggplant (Solanum melongena) pests. Considering the need for reduction of chemical applications for whitefly and spider mite control, the exploitation of wild relatives of eggplant as sources of pest resistances represents an important strategy in order to improve cultivated eggplant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 15 accessions from 11 species of eggplant wild relatives together with sevenS. melongenaaccessions for resistance to sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Resistance to whitefly was evaluated based on number of eggs, nymph, puparium and whitefly adults in a choice bioassay, while for two-spotted spider mite it was based on leaf damage scores in the choice and no-choice bioassays. The results revealed significantly (P < 0.05) different levels of resistance to the two pests among the accessions evaluated. Considering all screening parameters in the whitefly choice bioassay, the highest levels of resistance in wild eggplant relatives were detected inSolanum dasyphyllum(DAS1) andS. pyracanthos(PYR1), although one of the cultivatedS. melongena(MEL2) accessions also displayed similar resistance levels. In addition,S. campylacanthum(CAM8) andS. tomentosumTOM1 were also resistant to whitefly based on numbers of puparium and adult whiteflies. Two accessions ofS. sisymbriifolium(SIS1 and SIS2) exhibited strong resistance to two-spotted spider mite based on the choice and no-choice bioassays. High levels of spider mite resistance were also detected in the no-choice assay inS. dasyphyllum(DAS1) andS. torvum(TOR2) accessions. These resistant accessions can be used in pre-breeding program aiming to breed pest-resistant cultivars in cultivated eggplant. Moreover, to our knowledge, this study represents the first report on potential sources of resistance to whitefly and two-spotted spider mite in wild relatives of eggplant.This work was undertaken as part of the initiative ``Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives'' which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew UK and implemented in partnership with national and international genebanks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information, go to the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/.This work has also been funded in part by World Vegetable Center core funds from Republic of China (Taiwan), UK aid from the UK Government, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Germany, Thailand, Philippines, Korea, and Japan.Taher, D.; Ramasamy, S.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Rakha, M. (2020). Screening cultivated eggplant and wild relatives for resistance to sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Euphytica. 216(10):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02692-w11321610Abudulai M, Shepard BM, Mitchell PL (2001) Parasitism and predation on eggs of Leptoglossus phyllopus (L.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in cowpea: Impact of endosulfan sprays. 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