Dementias are a group of diseases of great economical burden. The most frequent dementias are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and frontotemporal dementias. B vitamins are one of the most frequent causes of cognitive decline and reversible dementias are B vitamin deficiencies. There are similarities of B vitamins’ deficiency and pathological and cognitive processes of dementias. The most important B vitamins are: vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin or niacinamide), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic acid) and vitamin B12 (cobalamine). Vitamin B12 plays a fundamental role in DNA synthesis, optimal haemopoesis and ne...