Mixed urogenital and intestinal Schistosomiasis in Ilie and Ore, Osun State Nigeria

This study investigated the co-occurrence of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni in two endemic communities in southwest Nigeria. Previous studies had always focus on single species infections without considering the effect of mixed schistosomiasis on the prevalence, intensity, and host morbidity. Both S. haematobium and S. mansoni occur in Nigeria, with S. haematobium having a higher prevalence. These two parasites occurring together in an individual have led to the egg of the parasites being recovered from an unusual route; a phenomenon refers to as ectopic egg elimination. This study confirms the occurrence of this inter-specific interaction between S. haematobium and S. mansoni, resulting in the recovering the egg of S. mansoni in urine (ectopic egg elimination). The data was collected in Ore and llie communities, Osun State, Nigeria. The two communities are located very closely on latitude 4°34' and 4°36'E, and Longitude 7°56' and 7°58'N, and only separated by a dam in the rain forest zone. The study population consisted of primary and secondary school children aged 4–19 years attending Ore community Primary and Secondary School and Ilie community Primary and secondary school. The presence of the Sh egg was detected using the urine filtration technique, as previously described. For stool analysis, two Kato–Katz thick smear was prepared using 41.7 mg template of the stool material each and microscopically examined for Sm and other intestinal parasites. Individual demographic and other information was collected with a structured questionnaire