Analysis of natural soap and industrial toilet soap : bachelor thesis

Sapuni su po kemijskom sastavu natrijeve ili kalijeve soli viših masnih kiselina. Dobivaju se procesima bazične hidrolize masti i ulja tj. procesima saponifikacije. Proces saponifikacije je ostao nepromijenjen godinama, no razvitkom svijesti o utjecaju štetnih tvari na zdravlje i ekologiju započela je težnja za što prirodnijim kozmetičkim i higijenskim preparatima. Cilj ovog završnog rada bio je analizirati svojstva sapuna proizvedenih iz biljnih ulja te njihova svojstva usporediti sa svojstvima industrijskog toaletnog sapuna. Sapuni su pripravljani postupkom na hladno. Korišteno je svježe maslinovo ulje, maslinovo ulje starosti dvije godine, kokosovo ulje, palmino ulje te natrijeva lužina i voda. Pripravljeni sapuni su kemijski analizirani i provedena je usporedba njihovih svojstava sa svojstvima industrijskog toaletnog sapuna.Chemically soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids. They are obtained by base catalyzed hydrolysis of fats and oils, i.e. processes of saponification. The process of saponification has remained unchanged for years, but with the development of awareness of the impact of harmfull substances on health and ecology, the aspiration for the more natural cosmetics and hygiene products began. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to analyze the properties of soaps produced by the synthesis from vegetable oils and to compare them with the properties of industrial toilet soap. Soaps are prepared by the cold process. Fresh olive oil, two-year-old olive oil, coconut oil, palm oil, sodium hydroxide and water were used. The prepared soaps were chemically analyzed and the comparison of their properties with the properties of the industrial toilet soap was performed