SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARD AND FIRE FIREFIGHTING TACTICS IN THE APARTMENT

Mnogobrojne su opasnosti s kojima se suočavaju vatrogasci tijekom intervencija. Svaki je požar sam po sebi događaj bez kontrole i kao takav je nepredvidiv. Na njegov razvoj utječe mnogo faktora i veoma je teško sve te faktore uvrstiti u jedan općeniti model kojim bi se potpuno shvatilo i opisalo njegovo ponašanje. Kod požara u zatvorenom prostoru prisutne su opasnosti zbog nemogućnosti slobodnog odvijanja požara i razmjene energije s okolinom. Toplina i dim se ne odvode u dovoljnoj mjeri, smanjuje se količina kisika i počinju se stvarati opasni spojevi koji se dodatno mogu zapaliti, te manji požar vrlo brzo može eskalirati u veliku plamenu buktinju. Takvi su događaji bili uzrok mnogobrojnih smrti vatrogasaca u čitavom svijetu. Kako bi se rizik nastanka takvih događaja sveo na minimum potrebno je dobro upoznati nastanak i ponašanja tih fenomena. Tek tada se ta saznanja mogu upotrijebiti za izradu kvalitetnije osobne zaštitne opreme, metoda vježbanja i gašenja pomoću kojih vatrogasci mogu sigurnije i efikasnije ugasiti požar. Na osnovu toga prikazani su osnovni elementi taktičkih pristupa pri gašenju požara u zatvorenim prostorima i mjere zaštite.Firefighters face many dangers during interventions. Every fire is an uncontrolled event and as such highly unpredictable. Its development is influenced by many factors and it is very difficult to include all of these factors in one general model that would fully understand and describe the behavior of a fire. When it comes to indoor structure fires, there are dangers due to the impossibility of free development of fire and exchange of energy with the environment. Heat and smoke are not sufficiently dissipated, the amount of oxygen is reduced and dangerous compounds which can additionally ignite begin to form, which can cause a small fire to quickly escalate into a devastating flaming torch. Such events have led to numerous deaths of firefighters around the world. In order to minimize the risk, it is necessary to understand the origin and behavior of these phenomena. Only then can the knowledge be used to create better quality personal protective equipment, effective training and extinguishing methods by which firefighters can put out fires more safely and efficiently. Based on the above, the basic elements of tactical approaches to extinguishing indoor fires and protection measures are presented