Microbiological Spectrum and Outcomes of Acute Pyelonephritis in North Indian Population

A wide range of causative organisms can cause acute pyelonephritis (APN). However, in recent times, these pathogens have increasingly become resistant to most of the antibiotics making treatment difficult. This was a prospective observational single-center study with a aim to study the microbiological spectrum, resistance patterns, and clinical outcome of patients with APN conducted in a private tertiary care hospital in India. All adult patients hospitalized in the department of nephrology at our institute with a diagnosis of APN from February 2016 to May 2017 were included. Patients <18 years of age, kidney-transplant recipients, and pregnant patients were excluded. Demographic details, clinical symptoms, signs, and radiological and laboratory data including urine and blood cultures of all patients were recorded. The details of treatment received and outcomes in hospital and after discharge were noted. Patients were followed up three months post discharge. Decision of antibiotic and duration of antibiotics was documented by treating nephrologists. Quantitative data were presented in terms of means and standard deviation. Student’s “t” test was used for comparison of quantitative outcome parameters. P