International audienceThe objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of the initial context of companies on their propensity to cooperate and on the characteristics of partner companies that they con-sider to be important. More specifically, the authors attempt to measure the influence of dif-ferent dimensions of distance (cultural, administrative, geographic, economic and technological) on the choice of the country of partners of international R&D cooperation. Based on the contribution of the literature on international business and the framework pro-posed by Ghemawat (2001), this article develops several hypotheses concerning the effects of distance, analysed by five different dimensions. These hypotheses are tested on a sample o...