http://ejts.revues.org/4692Popular mobilizations against gangsters have been central in the social and political life of South African townships for decades. Yet this specific history does not tie in well with a narrative that would highlight a radical change from a politicized, militarized and repressive apartheid police, with a strong hostility to non-white populations, to a police less repressive, less politicized and more friendly with 'historically disadvantaged' people since the end of apartheid in 1994. This article draws on archival work, interviews with local leaders and police staff, participant observation in neighborhood watch patrols in poor neighborhoods of Cape Town, so as to understand the history of crime-fighting organizat...