Autism as Viewed by French Parents.

Since the 1960s, the lack of public facilities devoted to autism has been denounced by the French parents' associations. In the 1990s, with the change in the category of autism and the promotion of educational and behavioural methods, new associations emerged. They accused psychiatrists of fuelling parents' guilty feelings, and not ensuring stimulating environments and access to schooling for their children. The parents' associations favoured the widening of the diagnostic criteria for autism, and they demanded the transfer of the care of autism from hospital to school, and the training of professionals in educational and behavioural methods. The genetic and neurobiological origins were emphasised to counter the suspicion of parental guilt. In order to study the changes, a survey was conducted with the parents of children born between 1960 and 1989 and the parents of children born between 1990 and 2005. The analysis of the parental experiences of the diagnostic process and the services available for autistic children showed earlier age at diagnosis. However, the increase in the number of the diagnosed cases of autism and the arrival of less severe cases has led to even greater shortage of services