The recent French schools reform (2009) was accompanied by a change in mathematics curriculum. With respect to the "classe de seconde" (9th-10th Grade in US High School), two subjects question us: first, the new positioning of algebra, now part of the functional domain, giving it a primary role of tool, and on the other hand, the introduction of algorithmic concepts. Through the value of combining these two subjects, this thesis proposes a didactic study of the resumption of elementary algebra in "classe de seconde", and especially of the objects orbiting around equation concept, objects of which we search to refine the meaning, through the detour of algorithmics. Positioned within the anthropological theory of the didactic by Chevallard, w...