The expressed support needs of families of adults who have survived critical illness: A thematic synthesis

Background Surviving critical illness can result in ongoing psychological, physical and cognitive impairments for both survivors and families. During the time from the critical illness through to the period of adaptation back to community living, families, alongside survivors, have support needs. Objectives This systematic review aimed to provide an in-depth insight into the expressed support needs of families of adults who survived an admission to an intensive care unit and returned to a home environment. It also aimed to explore how these needs change over time, and what support provisions families perceived to be helpful. Methods This was a systematic review using thematic synthesis methodology. Predefined searches were conducted in CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, SocIndex, EMbase, Academic Search Complete, EThOS and OpenGrey to locate studies published in English from 2000. Two reviewers screened each study against the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Extracted data were managed in Nvivo12® and analysed to identify descriptive and analytical themes. The Timing it Right Framework was used to frame changes in need across the recovery continuum. Results Thirty-nine studies were included, 30 qualitative, eight quantitative and one mixed methods. Five key family needs were identified across the recovery continuum: for security; to make sense of the situation; finding a balance; holding everything together; and for trust. Discussion Families found the following interventions helpful: written information; care coordination and navigation; input from intensive care staff after discharge to support continuity; and provision of family support groups. Although there are similarities between the needs of families and survivors, there are sufficient differences to warrant the development of processes to identify and address family need throughout the recovery continuum. Conclusion More research is required to develop a tool to better identify the needs of families across the recovery continuum, identify gaps in current service provision, and design interventions to meet these needs