Europeanization in times of crisis

International audienceThe aim of this article is to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of Europeanization studies when used to study periods of crisis. The conceptual consensus surrounding the definition of Europeanization, understood as the impact of European integration at the domestic level (the so-called top-down approach), is put under pressure in a crisis situation. In this situation, the salience of an issue increases and leads to high politicisation and resistances at the domestic level. These resistances trigger the political adjustments at the EU level. The article will illustrate these difficulties in analysing the impact of the EU's new economic governance instruments: The implementation of these instruments led to opposition at the domestic level which then immediately influenced policy frames at the EU level. Based on the concepts of timing and politicisation, this article will develop a model that enlarges the top-down Europeanization concept in order to account for crucial feedback loops that occur in situations of crisis