The problem of income inequality remains after centuries of theoretical and practical efforts. This situation arises from limitations in the complete understanding of this phenomenon. In this sense, this thesis aims to study economic growth and the sectors of economic activity within the context of income distribution, based on the hypothesis that inequality arises within the productive structure, given that labor income is the main and source of income for almost all Brazilians. For this, theories and tools consecrated in the literature were analyzed, contextualizing them to Brazil and the current period, in order to identify gaps and limitations, from which it was possible to reflect and suggest alternative solutions, innovating and allow...