ATLL cells exhibit high autophagic flux levels and CQ/HCQ inhibit autophagy and canonical NF-κB pathway.

(A) Su9T01, KOB, KK1 and S1T cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of CQ for 24 hours. The expression of LC-3 was examined by Western blot analysis. (B) Quantification of LC3 puncta/cell is presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3, representative image was shown at Fig 2A). (C) Western blot analysis of CADM1, p47, and the indicated NF-κB and autophagy signaling proteins was performed in KK1 cell lines after treatment with either 50 μM CQ or 25 μM HCQ for 6, 12, 18, 24 hours. β-actin was used as a loading control. The cropped gels/blots are used in the figure, and the full-length gels/blots are presented in S1 Raw images. (D) LC3-II turnover are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 2 independent experiments, representative blot was shown at S2B Fig). *p (TIF)