The beta-HMM tracks the dynamic structure of simulated spectrograms characterized by discrete state transitions (extracted from one sequence of ketamine-induced LFP in NHP MJ).

(A) One realization of simulated spectrogram. (B) Markov path corresponding to the simulated spectrogram in panel A. (C) Optimal state trajectory estimated from simulated data in panel A via the beta-HMM analysis. (D-G) Goodness of fit analysis. Box-plots summarize the state path accuracy (Eq (10)) in panel D, the KS-distance between the estimated and the actual state-specific and frequency band-specific beta distributions (averaged across all states and all frequency bands) in panel E, the relative error in transition matrix (Eq (11)) in panel F, and relative error in the initial state probabilities (Eq (12)) in panel G. For each specified number of states, 100 realizations of spectrograms were simulated and the beta-HMM analysis was performed on each.