Despite 2005, the notion of fragile states was adopted as an operational concept by most of donors. Nearly ten years after, the increasingly intense debates surrounding the post-2015 global education agenda underlines that the issue about fragile states is unresolved. If access to education can be considered as a "public good", the allocation of international aid is justified, since the early 2000s, for its effectiveness. Our empirical analysis focuses on a broad sample of fragile and non-fragile sub-Saharan countries. Our findings show the emergence of a current contradiction between the inclusive nature of the Education For All goals and the exclusionary nature of the paradigms on which foreign aid is based (effectiveness and results). T...