Relationship between goal orientations, motivational climate, and burnout among athletes

Cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je na uzorku sportaša utvrditi obilježja povezanosti simptoma izgaranja s ciljnim orijentacijama i motivacijskom klimom iniciranom od trenera. Na prikupljenom uzorku od 72 sportaša i 51 sportašice preddiplomskog studija Kineziološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu primijenjene su hrvatske verzije Upitnika ciljne orijentacije u sportu (Task & Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, TEOSQ; Duda, 1989) Upitnika percipirane motivacijske klime u sportu – 2 (Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire – 2, PMCSQ-2; Newton i sur., 2000) te Upitnika izgaranja sportaša (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, ABQ; Raedeke i Smith, 2001). Prikupljanje podataka provedeno je online putem, pomoću Google Obrazaca (Google Forms), prije početka predavanja u okviru nastave na daljinu. Provedena je deskriptivna statistika za sve varijable te je Mann-Whitney provjereno postojanje spolnih razlika u konstruktima. Dodatno, provedene su Spearmanove korelacije među varijablama te hijerarhijska regresijska analiza za simptome izgaranja na temelju dimenzija ciljnih orijentacija i motivacijske klime, uz kontrolu dobi i spola sudionika. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, mladići i djevojke razlikuju se jedino na razini ciljne orijentacije usmjerene prema zadatku i usavršavanju sportskih vještina, pri čemu djevojke postižu više rezultate od mladića. Spol i dob ne objašnjavaju statistički značajan udio varijance dimenzija izgaranja. Ciljna orijentacija usmjerena prema zadatku i usavršavanju sportskih vještina negativno je povezana sa sve tri dimenzije izgaranja i objašnjava značajan udio varijance devaluacije sporta. Ciljna orijentacija usmjerena prema izvedbi i rezultatu pozitivno korelira i objašnjava značajan udio varijance dimenzija emocionalne/fizičke iscrpljenosti te devaluacije sporta. Motivacijska klima usmjerena prema učenju i razvoju vještina negativno korelira sa sve tri dimenzije izgaranja, a objašnjava značajan udio varijance smanjenog osjećaja uspjeha i devaluacije sporta. Motivacijska klima usmjerena prema superiornoj izvedbi i rezultatu korelira samo s devaluacijom sporta, i to u pozitivnome smjeru te objašnjava značajan udio njene varijance. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da su različiti simptomi izgaranja na različit način povezani s ciljnim orijentacijama i motivacijskom klimom kod sportaša, što upućuje na važnost izučavanja ovih varijabli s ciljem što boljeg razumijevanja činitelja koji dovode do različitih simptoma izgaranja kod sportašaThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship of dimensions of burnout with dimensions of achievement goal orientations and coach-initiated motivational climate. The research was conducted on a sample of 72 male and 51 female students of Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb who are or have actively participated in sport. Participants completed Croatian versions of the Task & Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Duda, 1989), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire – 2 (PMCSQ-2; Newton et al., 2000), and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke i Smith, 2001). The data collection was conducted online with the use of Google Forms, shortly before the beginning of distance learning lectures. Descriptive statistics were presented for all variables, Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to examine possible gender differences in study variables. Correlational and regression analyses were used to define the relationship between task orientations, motivational climates and burnout. Results indicated that there was a difference between male and female athletes in task orientation, where females obtained higher scores. Age and gender do not did not explain a significant portion of variance for any of the three burnout dimensions. Task orientation were negatively correlated with all three dimensions of burnout, and accounts for a significant amount of variance for sport devaluation. Ego orientation was found to be positively associated with emotional/physical exhaustion and sport devaluation, and accounted for a significant amount of their variance. The mastery climate correlated negatively with all three burnout symptoms, and was a significant predictor of sport devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment. The performance motivational climate was positively related to sport devaluation and explained a significant amount of its variance. The results imply that in athletes, different symptoms of burnout are related to achievement goal orientations and motivational climate in different ways, which stresses the importance of further research in the field, with an aim to better understand factors leading to the development of burnout symptoms in athletes