Konstrukcija, proračun i modeliranje 3-osne CNC glodalice

Stroj opisan u ovom diplomskom radu, čija realizacija puštanja u pogon i testiranja još nije u potpunosti završena, ima osnovnu svrhu kao edukacijski stroj u srednjoj školi kao i mogućnost uporabe za obrazovanje odraslih za rad na CNC stroju. Mogućnosti i sposobnosti stroja obuhvaćaju široku realizaciju režima rada i vrsta predmeta obrade glodanjem zadovoljavajući pri tome potrebe zahtijevanih funkcija i namjena današnjih CNC upravljanih strojeva te je prema tome stroj sposoban obavljati i ispunjavati režime rada i u industrijskim uvjetima. Samo funkcioniranje stroja je zahtjevno što je dovelo do zajedničkog rada dvojice kolega na diplomskom studiju. U prvom dijelu diplomskog rada prikazana je podjela postupaka glodanja, vrste glodalica s obzirom na osi gibanja i obrade te glodaći obradni centri kao samostalne jedinice za obradu. Drugi dio rada prikazuje proračun komponenti 3-osne CNC glodalice za čiju je realizaciju proračuna važna namjena stroja, vrste materijala obrade, ulazne dimenzije sirovca i sve ono što očekujemo da taj stroj obavlja kako bi zadovoljili potrebne karakteristike stroja. Na temelju proračuna izabrane su komponente za ostvarivanje gibanja stroja uz navedene zahtjeve i dodatnu sigurnost. Pokretni i nepokretni dijelovi stroja izabrani su i kupljeni od proizvođača Bosch Rexroth i Siemens. Treći dio rada obuhvaća izradu konstrukcije 3-osne CNC glodalice radne površine 1650x1505 mm. Konstrukcija dijelova CNC glodalice, podsklopova i sklopova koji su podijeljeni na zavarene i montažne sklopove izrađena je u programu SolidWorks 20220 gdje su prilikom konstruiranja primijenjena stečena znanja i iskustvo iz struke. Veći dio opisa konstrukcije posvećen je u radu izvedbi konstrukcije pojedinačnih osi, uključujući izvedbe uležištenja vretena i vodilica zbog eliminiranja pojave mogućih opterećenja i momenta za vrijeme obrade i rada stroja koja za posljedicu mogu imati nestabilnost čitavog stroja te upitnu kvalitetu i točnost same obrade. Četvrti dio rada daje prikaz provjere opterećenja dijela konstrukcije mosnoga portala Y-osi koja trpi najviše sile i momente tijekom rada. Analiza simulacije opterećenja izvršiti će se korištenjem alata SolidWorks Simulation unutar programskog paketa SolidWorks 2020. Zadnji dio rada odnosi se na ekonomsku analizu izrade konstrukcije i pogonskoga dijela stroja uz analizu isplativosti izrade stroja.The machine described in this thesis, whose realization of commissioning and testing is not yet fully completed, has a basic purpose as an educational machine in high school as well as the possibility of use for adult education to work on a CNC machine. The abilities and capabilities of the machine include a wide realization of operating modes and types of milling objects, meeting the needs of the required functions and purposes of today's CNC controlled machines and therefore the machine is able to perform and meet operating modes in industrial conditions. The operation of the machine itself is demanding, which led to the joint work of two colleagues in graduate school. The first part of the diploma thesis presents the division of milling procedures, types of milling machines with respect to the axes of movement and machining, and milling machining centers as independent processing units. The second part of the work shows the calculation of 3-axis CNC milling machine components for which the purpose of the machine, types of processing materials, input dimensions of the workpiece and everything we expect from machine to perform and satisfy the required machine characteristics that are important. Based on the calculation, the components were selected to achieve the movement of the machine with the stated requirements and additional safety. Movable and immovable machine parts were selected and purchased from Bosch Rexroth and Siemens. The third part of the work includes the construction of a 3-axis CNC milling machine with a working surface of 1650x1505 mm. The construction of CNC milling machine parts, subassemblies and assemblies that are divided into welded and prefabricated assemblies was made in the program SolidWorks 20220, where the acquired knowledge and experience from the profession were applied during the construction. Much of the design description is devoted to the design of individual axes, including spindle and guide bearings to eliminate possible loads and torques during machining and machine operation that can result in instability of the entire machine and questionable quality and accuracy of machining. The fourth part of the work gives an overview of load check of the part of structure on Y-axis bridge portal that suffers the most forces and moments during operation. Load simulation analysis will be performed using the SolidWorks Simulation tool within the SolidWorks 2020 software package. The last part of the work refers to the economic analysis of the construction and the driving part of the machine with the analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the construction of the machine