European greenhouse gas emissions trading system - development of an emission monitoring plan in industrial plant

Emitiranjem stakleničkih plinova uzrokujemo klimatske promjene. Zbog toga se svakodnevno u različitim dijelovima svijeta odvijaju procesi koji su neuobičajeni za to područje ili taj dio godine, dosežu se ekstremne temperature s obje strane spektra. Ovakvi događaji dovode do negativnih učinka u prirodi te isti imaju utjecaja po ljude, njihovo zdravlje i gospodarstvo. Ljudi posjeduju mehanizme potrebne za spriječiti i kontrolirati klimatske promjene, međutim ne iskorištavaju puni potencijal istih. Sporazumima, zakonima, regulacijama i uredbama nastoji se prisiliti i osvijestiti opću populaciju o problematici koja nas sve treba zabrinjavati. Navedenim okvirom nastoji se ograničiti ispuštanje ugljičnog dioksida (CO2) te kroz vrijeme i razvoj tehnologije reducirati iste na nulu. Postepeno se ograničava ispuštanje stakleničkih plinova te uvode porezi na iste. Time se omogućava period prilagodbe i potiče razvoj tehnologije koja bi redukcijom ispuštanja stakleničkih plinova izbjegla plaćanje poreza te u konačnici dovela do ugljično neutralne tehnologije. Jedan od alata kojim se nastoji ubrzati i potaknuti razvoj tehnologije, te smanjiti ispuštanje CO2 emisija, je EU ETS mehanizam. Svaka faza donosi sve strože mjere te zahvaća sve više sektora koji ispuštaju CO2 emisije. Novac prikupljen naplaćivanjem emisijskih dozvola financiraju se projekti za razvoj tehnologije i saniranje štete nastale emitiranjem. Ovakav mehanizam pokazao se za sada najdjelotvorniji. Izradom plana praćenja o ispuštanju CO2 emisija omogućuje se kontrola ukupnih emisija i redukcija istih. Stoga, sva poduzeća zahvaćena mjerama dužna su izraditi vlastiti plan praćenja emisija u kojima je objašnjeno koji su izvori emisija i koje su količine u pitanju. U ovom radu izrađen je primjer plana praćenja CO2 emisija na jednom industrijskom postrojenju. Analizom potencijala smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova nastoji se poboljšati rad postojećeg postrojenja, kako bi se kratkoročno odgodili troškovi ulaganja u nove tehnologije i plaćanja emisijskih dozvola smanjio, a istovremeno povećala efikasnost rada postrojenja.By emitting greenhouse gases, we are causing climate change. Therefore, processes that are unusual for that area or that part of the year take place every day in different parts of the world, extreme temperatures are reached on both sides of the spectrum. Such events lead to negative effects in nature, and the same events have an impact on people, their health and the economy. Humans possess the mechanisms needed to prevent and control climate change, but do not exploit its full potential. [2] [5] Agreements, laws, regulations, and ordinances seek to coerce and make the public aware of the issue. This framework strives to limit carbon dioxide (CO2 emissions) and through time and development of technology to reduce them to zero. Greenhouse gas emissions are gradually being limited, and new taxes are being introduced. This allows a period of adjustment, and encourages the development of technology, which would in turn reduce greenhouse gas emissions to avoid paying taxes, and ultimately lead to carbon-neutral technology. One of the tools that seeks to accelerate and encourage the development of technology, to reduce CO2 emissions, is the EU ETS mechanism. Each phase brings more stringent measures and affects more and more sectors that emit CO2 emissions. The money raised by collecting emission permits is used to finance projects for the development of technology and repairing the damage caused by emissions. Such a mechanism has proven to be the most effective so far. The development of a monitoring plan for CO2 emissions enables control of all emissions and their reduction. Therefore, each company affected by the measures is obliged to prepare their own emission monitoring plan justifying the sources of emissions and the quantities in question. In this paper, an example was made for a certain industrial plant of plan monitoring CO2 emissions. The analysis of the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions seeks to improve the operation of the existing plant, in order to delay the short-term costs of an investment in new technologies and to reduce the payment of emission permits, while increasing the efficiency of the plant