Assessment of Water Supply and Sanitation in Bishan Guracha Sub-City in West Arsi Zone

It is well known that water is a natural resource without which all living things cannot exist. It is a natural requirement for all living things to have access to water if they have to be alive. It seems so why the 70 percent of our planet, earth, covered by water though the world population is facing water scarcity. Such scarcity of water is urging people to use water from unprotected sources which the world urban poor and rural population are highly affected by. As it is known ‘water is life’ because it gives life for all, on the contrary many are dying as a result of unsafe drinking water. The objective of this study was to assess the water supply and sanitation situation in the Bishan Guracha. By conducting an assessment one can determine water supply and sanitation coverage and identify water supply and sanitation problems in the sub-city and then propose solutions to improve water supply and sanitation coverage. In this research finding the main defined objective ideas are current water supply coverage, distribution system, water quality, demand analysis at present and future forecasting, analysis the sanitation status, and finally sate the solution for every weak part of the research results specifically. Water supply coverage status 20% water supply fulfills from the water points and the rest 80% of water supply requirement is fulfilled by hand dug well and in some extent rain fall collecting. The quality condition of water supply as WHO and Ethiopian drinking water quality standard both water points and hand dug well water are evaluated. Sanitation coverage is defined as the percentage of the population with access to adequate (improved) sanitation facilities that hygienically separate human excreta from human contact. Keywords: Design period, population forecasting, peak demand, peak hour DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-4-03 Publication date:June 30th 202