PfPHD1 and H3K9ac localization in parasites before and after PHD deletion in PfPHD1.

(A) IFA images show high-degree co-localization of PfPHD1, H3K9ac and euchromatin (DAPI) in the nucleus in parasite line with c-Myc-tagged PfPHD1. Numbers indicate the levels of signal correlation between two markers. Scale bar = 5 μm. (B) IFA shows decreased co-localization of PfPHD1, H3K9ac and euchromatin (denoted by DAPI staining) after PHD1 PHD domain deletion. Scale bar = 5 μm. R, ring; T, trophozoite; S, schizont. (C) The intensities of H3K9ac in the 1N or 2N+ single nucleus of wild-type (WT), PfGCN5-ΔBrD::GFP, and PfPHD1-ΔPHD::GFP trophozoite. The copy number (1N or 2N+) in a single nucleus of trophozoite was defined by the intensity of DAPI signal compared to the 1N nucleus of the ring. Bars indicate means and standard deviations (n = 12). The statistical difference was evaluated by Mann–Whitney U test. (PDF)