Precise infrastructure mapping using full-waveform inversion of ground penetrating radar signals

A new method for FWI of common-offset GPR data, particularly targeting the dimensions and infilling material of buried pipes. The method is useful in situation where clear isolated diffraction hyperbolas indicate the presence of a pipe, but pipe dimensions and filling may be unknown. The invention is a method of taking GPR data and applying advanced numerical methods to get the depth and size of an underground pipe in a very accurate manner. An embodiment of the method consists of five main steps: GPR data processing, ray-based analysis to set a good initial model, 3D to 2D transformation of data, effective SW estimation, and FWI