Development of an all-wheel steering system for a Formula student car

Cilj ovog rada je kreiranje realnog mehanizma za upravljanje stražnjim kotačima bolida Formule student. Kako bi se razumjele prednosti uvođenja zakretanja stražnjim kotačima potrebno je razumjeti osnove lateralne dinamike vozila. Jedan od glavnih faktora kod analize lateralne dinamike vozila je pneumatik. Iz tog razloga nužno je poznavanje osnovnih pojava vezanih uz pneumatike. U radu će prvo biti objašnjene sve pojave koje su vezane uz pneumatike, a odnose se na lateralno gibanje vozila. Nakon toga biti će objašnjena lateralna dinamika vozila. Nakon teoretskog objašnjenja pojmova vezanih za uvođenje stražnjeg sustava upravljanja potrebno je proučiti mehanizam upravljanja. Iz tog razloga provedena je analiza svih dosadašnjih rješenja vezanih uz upravljanje sa stražnjim kotačima. Nakon provedene analize određeni su zahtjevi koje sustav upravljanja mora zadovoljiti te su uz njih određeni i kriteriji za vrednovanje koncepata. Nakon toga kreirani su koncepti za sustav upravljanja stražnjim kotačima bolida Formule student. Svaki koncept je osmišljen te je izrađen u 3d obliku s pomoću specijaliziranog alata za 3d modeliranje Solidworks. Također, provedeni su i okvirni proračuni za svaki koncept kako bi koncepti bili što realnije dimenzionirani. Nakon što su kreirani svi koncepti potrebno je provesti dinamičku analiza bolida, radi vrednovanja koncepata. Prije provođenja analize kreirane su ispitne procedure prilagođene bolidu Formule student. Analiza dinamike bolida provedena je u programu AVL-VSM. Nakon provedenih simulacija bilo je potrebno analizirati dobivene podatke, a za to je korišten program AVL Concerto. Na kraju provedeno je završno vrednovanje koncepata te je odabran najbolji koncept prema prije određenim kriterijima. Odabrani koncept je dorađen te je za njega izrađen sklopni crtež.The purpose of this thesis is to create a realistic design of rear wheel steering for Formula student car. To understand the benefits that can be obtained by implementing the rear wheel steering it is necessary to understand the basics of vehicle lateral dynamics. One of the main factors in vehicle dynamic analysis is the tyre. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the basic terms related to the tyre. In this thesis, all the tyre parameters related to the lateral dynamics of the vehicle will be explained first. After that the lateral dynamics of the vehicle will be explained. The next step, after all the necessary concepts for understanding the benefits of rear wheel steering implementation have been explained, is to analyse the rear wheel steering mechanism. An analysis of all previous solutions related to rear wheel steering in vehicles has been carried out. After the analysis, the crucial requirements regarding the rear wheel steering were determined. In addition to the requirements, the evaluation parameters for the concepts were also determined. The next step was designing and modelling of the rear wheel steering concepts for Formula student vehicle. All the concepts were created using a 3d modelling tool Solidworks. In order to create realistic concepts, the basic calculations of the components were carried out. After that the vehicle dynamics analysis can be carried out. Before the analysis the testing procedures adjusted for the Formula student vehicle were created. For the vehicle dynamic analysis, the program AVL-VSM was used. For the postprocessing of the results the program AVL Concerto was used. For the conclusion of the thesis, the final concept evaluation was carried out using the predetermined evaluation parameters. The selected concept was further developed, and the assembly drawings were created