O MODELO POLÍTICO DO ESTADO AUTORITÁRIO PORTUGUÊS: A IDEIA CORPORATIVA NA CONSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DO REGIME (1931-1933)

The Portuguese authoritarian regime was constitutionally defined as a unitary and corporatist republic, but the political system established did not exclusively require the organic representation of organised interests in the State and kept several typical elements of liberal political representation. This paper attempts to understand the reasons of these ideological and political choices, assessing how the issue of sovereignty was considered and how the powers of the State were organised. Instruments and processes of political representation, as well as of the representation of interests, are also identified. The thought of the legislator is discussed, and hence of the active political power with respect to attempts to reconcile pro-state and anti-state positions, organicists and liberals. To this end, the paper analyses proposals presented during the period of the establishment of the constitution regarding the competencies and way of creation of state bodies, as well as the final solutions that were eventually recorded in the 1933 Constitution. The reactions that these solutions provoked among the various political forces and the published opinion are referred to. Finally, a reflection is made on the dominant trends of the European constitutionality of that time in order to place the Portuguese model within this reference framework.O regime autoritário português definiu-se constitucionalmente como uma república unitária e corporativa, mas o sistema político erigido não exigiu em exclusivo a representação orgânica dos interesses organizados no Estado e conservou vários elementos típicos da representação política liberal. Neste artigo, procura-se perceber as razões dessas escolhas ideológicas e políticas, avaliando de que modo se equacionou a questão da soberania e como se organizaram os poderes do Estado. Identificamse ainda instrumentos e processos de representação política e de representação de interesses. Discute-se o pensamento do legislador e, consequentemente, do poder político atuante, quanto a tentativas de compatibilização entre posições estadualistas e antiestadualistas, organicistas e liberais. Para tanto, observam-se propostas apresentadas durante o período constituinte sobre as competências e modo de formação dos órgãos de soberania, mas também as soluções finais que foram inscritas na Constituição de 1933. Referem-se as reações que as mesmas suscitaram entre as várias forças políticas e a opinião publicada. Reflete-se, por último, sobre as tendências dominantes da constitucionalidade europeia da época, com o objetivo de situar nesse quadro referencial o modelo português.The Portuguese authoritarian regime was constitutionally defined as a unitary and corporatist republic, but the political system established did not exclusively require the organic representation of organised interests in the State and kept several typical elements of liberal political representation. This paper attempts to understand the reasons of these ideological and political choices, assessing how the issue of sovereignty was considered and how the powers of the State were organised. Instruments and processes of political representation, as well as of the representation of interests, are also identified. The thought of the legislator is discussed, and hence of the active political power with respect to attempts to reconcile pro-state and anti-state positions, organicists and liberals. To this end, the paper analyses proposals presented during the period of the establishment of the constitution regarding the competencies and way of creation of state bodies, as well as the final solutions that were eventually recorded in the 1933 Constitution. The reactions that these solutions provoked among the various political forces and the published opinion are referred to. Finally, a reflection is made on the dominant trends of the European constitutionality of that time in order to place the Portuguese model within this reference framework