Memoria operativa y comprensión lectora: algunas cuestiones básicas

In this paper, some of the main theoretical issues of the “working memory” construct and its role in cognition are reviewed. We focus on the research on reading comprehension abilities, in which working memory (WM) has been studied as a possible source of individual differences. Particularly, we will refer to three points of special interest: the existence of developmental differences in the WM and its influence on reading comprehension differences; the importance of the double-sided working memory function of processing and storage and its role in comprehension abilities; and finally, the issue of the specificity versus generality of WM involved in comprehension. As far as these matters are concerned, we have analyzed the empirical evidence available, making a special remark on the results obtained in our developmental studies, in which we use several comprehension and working memory measures.ResumenEn este trabajo revisamos algunas de las principales cuestiones teóricas que se han planteado en torno al constructo de «memoria operativa » (MO) y a su reconocido papel en la cognición. En este sentido, nos centramos particularmente en la investigación sobre las habilidades de comprensión lectora, donde la MO se viene estudiado como posible fuente de diferencias individuales. Concretamente, nos referimos a tres puntos de especial interés: la existencia de diferencias evolutivas en la MO y su influencia en las diferencias en comprensión lectora; la importancia de la doble función de procesamiento y almacenamiento que usualmente se le atribuye y su papel en las habilidades de comprensión; y, finalmente, la especificidad o generalidad de la MO implicada en la comprensión. En relación con estas cuestiones, repasamos la evidencia empírica disponible, haciendo especial referencia a los resultados obtenidos en nuestros estudios evolutivos, en los que utilizamos diversas medidas de comprensión y memoria operativa.AbstractIn this paper, some of the main theoretical issues of the “working memory” construct and its role in cognition are reviewed. We focus on the research on reading comprehension abilities, in which working memory (WM) has been studied as a possible source of individual differences. Particularly, we will refer to three points of special interest: the existence of developmental differences in the WM and its influence on reading comprehension differences; the importance of the double-sided working memory function of processing and storage and its role in comprehension abilities; and finally, the issue of the specificity versus generality of WM involved in comprehension. As far as these matters are concerned, we have analyzed the empirical evidence available, making a special remark on the results obtained in our developmental studies, in which we use several comprehension and working memory measures.