Algunas propiedades psicométricas de las guías para evaluar prácticas inclusivas en el aula

ABSTRACTInclusive education seeks to ensure the full participation and learning of all students. In order to succeed, inclusive education must articulate cultural, political and teaching practices implemented in schools and promote the participation of the educational community as a whole. Inclusive teaching and learning practices take into consideration the characteristics of the whole group. This paper reports on the design, and reliability and validity studies of the Guía de Evaluación de las Prácticas Inclusivas en el Aula-GEPIA (Inclusive Teaching Practices Assessment Protocol) for its two classroom versions: Observation and Self-report. The purpose of these instruments is to identify the extent to which inclusive education criteria are present in teaching practices in order to contribute to their improvement. Both instruments were assessed, at different stages of the design process, by a total of 102 educational experts; once the necessary adjustments were made, the protocols were administered to a sample of 24 teachers. Results demonstrate high reliability of both instruments (Observation α = 0.834; Auto report α=0.847) and appropriate face and content validity. In conclusion, these instruments are a reliable and useful tools for teachers and schools to identify strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of inclusive education criteria for teaching and learning in the classroom.RESUMENLa educación inclusiva busca garantizar la participación plena y el aprendizaje de todo el alumnado. Para su éxito, la educación inclusiva debe articular las prácticas culturales, políticas y educativas de los centros educativos y promover la participación de toda la comunidad escolar. Las prácticas inclusivas consisten en que los docentes tomen en cuenta en el aula a todos los alumnos para ofrecerles una educación de calidad. El presente trabajo reporta el diseño y estudios de confiabilidad y validez de los instrumentos llamados Guías de Evaluación de las Prácticas Inclusivas en el Aula (GEPIA), tanto la de Auto Reporte como la de Observación. El objetivo de estos instrumentos es identificar si las prácticas de los docentes involucran algunos de los criterios de la educación inclusiva durante la enseñanza, para contribuir a su mejora. Las dos guías fueron evaluadas durante las cuatro fases de su construcción por un total de 102 expertos y, una vez hechos los ajustes necesarios, fueron aplicadas de manera piloto a una muestra de 24 docentes. La investigación fue descriptiva, cuantitativa/cualitativa, transversal, no experimental. Los análisis correspondientes mostraron que las GEPIA cuentan con una alta confiabilidad (Observación α=0.834; Auto reporte α=0.847) y una apropiada validez aparente y de contenido. En conclusión, las distintas etapas de su elaboración y el estudio piloto mostraron que estos instrumentos son confiables y útiles para que el profesorado y los centros educativos identifiquen fortalezas y debilidades en la implementación de los criterios de la educación inclusiva en los salones de clases.ABSTRACTInclusive education seeks to ensure the full participation and learning of all students. In order to succeed, inclusive education must articulate cultural, political and teaching practices implemented in schools and promote the participation of the educational community as a whole. Inclusive teaching and learning practices take into consideration the characteristics of the whole group. This paper reports on the design, and reliability and validity studies of the Guía de Evaluación de las Prácticas Inclusivas en el Aula-GEPIA (Inclusive Teaching Practices Assessment Protocol) for its two classroom versions: Observation and Self-report. The purpose of these instruments is to identify the extent to which inclusive education criteria are present in teaching practices in order to contribute to their improvement. Both instruments were assessed, at different stages of the design process, by a total of 102 educational experts; once the necessary adjustments were made, the protocols were administered to a sample of 24 teachers. Results demonstrate high reliability of both instruments (Observation α = 0.834; Auto report α=0.847) and appropriate face and content validity. In conclusion, these instruments are a reliable and useful tools for teachers and schools to identify strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of inclusive education criteria for teaching and learning in the classroom