El proceso de orientación profesional en los institutos de Educación Secundaria. El caso de Córdoba

ABSTRACTEducational orientation is assumed as part of the set of factors that promote the quality of teaching and is one of the principles that must meet the educational activity. The institutionalization of the orientation posed by the presence of new professionals in the educational context, and these professionals for guidance, are conceived as agents of innovation and improving the quality of the educational intervention, which posits that teaching and counseling at the same educational intervention. Throughout the past three years, under the R & D Project "The compulsory school-work transition: The Guidance Department of the IES and the employment of students who leave school after Secondary Education (ESO), a research group at the University of Cordoba discusses the priorities of educational guidance in secondary schools, the work of counselors in the field of academic and professional orientation and perception of the outgoing students about the information received at their centers. Exploring the views of the student survey, and the mood and activities of its practitioners and guide through qualitative interviews reveal that the trajectories of transition and school work are heavily dependent on the economic, social and cultural origin. Vocations, attitudes and expectations about their future academic work and are built in a web of social relations with which we must rely on and that we must act.RESUMENLa orientación educativa se asume como parte del conjunto de factores que favorecen la calidad de la enseñanza y es uno de los principios a los que debe atender la acción educativa. La institucionalización de la orientación plantea la presencia de nuevos profesionales en el contexto educativo y, estos profesionales de la orientación, se conciben como agentes de innovación y mejora de la calidad de la intervención educativa, por lo que se postula que docencia y orientación confluyen en una misma intervención educativa. A lo largo de los últimos tres años, en el marco del Proyecto I+D “La transición escuela obligatoria-trabajo: los Departamentos de Orientación de los IES y la inserción laboral de los alumnos que abandonan la escuela tras la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO)”, un grupo de investigación de la Universidad de Córdoba analiza las prioridades de la orientación educativa en los Institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria; la labor de los orientadores en el ámbito de la orientación académica y profesional y la percepción del alumnado saliente acerca de la información recibida en sus centros de referencia. La exploración de las opiniones del alumnado mediante encuesta, y del talante y actividades de sus orientadoras y orientadores, mediante entrevista semiestructurada, ponen de manifiesto que las trayectorias escolares y de transición laboral dependen fuertemente de los condicionantes económicos, sociales y culturales de origen. Las vocaciones, actitudes y expectativas respecto a su futuro académico y laboral se construyen en medio de un entramado de relaciones sociales con el que hay que contar y sobre el que hay que actuar.ABSTRACTEducational orientation is assumed as part of the set of factors that promote the quality of teaching and is one of the principles that must meet the educational activity. The institutionalization of the orientation posed by the presence of new professionals in the educational context, and these professionals for guidance, are conceived as agents of innovation and improving the quality of the educational intervention, which posits that teaching and counseling at the same educational intervention. Throughout the past three years, under the R & D Project "The compulsory school-work transition: The Guidance Department of the IES and the employment of students who leave school after Secondary Education (ESO), a research group at the University of Cordoba discusses the priorities of educational guidance in secondary schools, the work of counselors in the field of academic and professional orientation and perception of the outgoing students about the information received at their centers. Exploring the views of the student survey, and the mood and activities of its practitioners and guide through qualitative interviews reveal that the trajectories of transition and school work are heavily dependent on the economic, social and cultural origin. Vocations, attitudes and expectations about their future academic work and are built in a web of social relations with which we must rely on and that we must act