Patriarchal Usurpation of the Modjadji Dynasty: A Gender-critical Reading of the History and Reign of the Modjadji Rain Queens

The setting of the Modjadji dynasty is on the one hand in a South African democratic space with an appraisal of women’s rights, and on the other hand in a rural traditionalist setting where women have a designated place under patriarchy. How the queens navigate their rule, in circumstances where the modern and traditional seek to occupy the same space, requires a gender-critical reading. Questions about their ability to autonomously dispense their duties as queens and exercise freedom over their livelihoods in a culture that emanates from a patriarchal rule, inform the core objectives in this article. Diverging from the western form of feminism, which has been suspected of universalising challenges faced by women like Vashti and Esther, to African feminism that is more context-based, helps in unearthing patriarchal traits directly affecting African women. The intention is not to discredit one form of feminism or the other, but to explore how such a fusion can help in the emancipation of women, as this is the goal of African feminism