IL-22 regulates a distinct set of genes in antibiotic-treated <i>Ifnlr1</i>^<i>-/-</i> mice, but the <i>Fut2</i> gene plays no decisive role in rotavirus resistance.

(A) Four h prior to preparation of ileum samples for transcriptome analysis, antibiotic-treated Ifnlr1-/- mice (n = 5 per group) were treated with either buffer or 1 μg of IL-22. Genes up- or downregulated at least 5-fold on average in IL-22-treated mice are listed. For all listed genes, variation between samples from the different mice was small (p value Saa1, Fut2 and Reg3g by RT-qPCR. Symbols represent individual mice, and bars represent means ± SEM. (C) Fut2-/- mice with undisturbed microbiota (n = 6) were orally infected with 2.4x104 ID50 of murine rotavirus strain EDIM and viral antigen levels in fecal samples were analyzed by ELISA. WT (n = 6) and Ifnlr1-/- Il22-/- (n = 6) mice served as negative and positive controls, respectively. (D) Fut2-/- mice with depleted microbiota (n = 6 per group) were treated daily with saline or IL-22 (extended treatment as described in Fig 3) prior to infection with 2.4x104 ID50 of murine rotavirus strain EDIM. Antibiotic-treated WT mice (n = 4–5 per group) served as controls. Symbols in (C) and (D) represent means ± SEM.