International audienceThe renewal of the population is the result of the constant supply by birth, new elements in a population and the concomitant departure by death, old elements. For two territories with identical fertility, possible variations in birth intake are based on differences in composition by age and sex. The purpose of this paper is to show that the result of the contribution by birth to the renewal of the population may be geographically uneven in France insofar as the potential contributing is very heterogeneous in different territories. These inequalities could only be lifted by migration intensity flows, age composition and specific fertility behavior.Le renouvellement de la population est le résultat de l'apport constant,...