International audienceAt the end of the sixteenth century, duke Charles-Emmanuel I hoped to turn Savoy into a transalpine monarchy. For that purpose, he planned to take advantage of religious civil war in France and annex Provence. This project confronted the duke and his counsellors with a many-sided geostrategic challenge. At first, they had to set up a clientele among the Provençal nobility, not only in the foothills of the Alps, but also along the Mediterranean. They also had to think about institutional ways of incorporating Provence into the Sabaudian states. The duke himself led a military intervention in 1589-1592. The Savoyards sought to acquaint themselves with the geography of Provence through cartographic works. When the project...