A novel resistor - free electronically adjustable current - mode instrumentation amplifier

In this paper, a novel topology for implementing resistor-free current-mode instrumentation amplifier (CMIA) is presented. Unlike the other previously reported instrumentation amplifiers (IAs), in which input and/or output signals are in voltage domain, the input and output signals in the proposed structure are current signals and signal processing is also completely done in current domain benefiting from the full advantages of current-mode signal processing. Interestingly the CMRR of the proposed topology is wholly determined by only five transistors. Compared to the most of the previously reported IAs in which at least two active elements are used to attain high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) resulting in a complicated circuit, the proposed structure enjoys from an extremely simple circuit. It also exhibits low input impedance employing negative feedback principal. Of more interest is that, using simple degenerate current mirrors, the differential-mode gain of the proposed CMIA can be electronically varied by control voltage. This property makes it completely free of resistors. The very low number of transistors used in the structure of the proposed CMIA grants it such desirable properties as low-voltage low-power operation, suitability for integration, wide bandwidth etc. SPICE simulation results using the TSMC 0.18-mu m CMOS process model under supply voltage of +/- 0.8 V show a high CMRR of 91 dB and a low input impedance of 291.5 Omega for the proposed CMIA. Temperature simulation results are also provided, which prove low temperature sensitivity of the proposed CMIA