Le palpeur acoustique : un nouvel outils d'investigation des tissus biologiques

Jury: Pierre ALAIS, Stefan CATHELINE, Mathias FINK, Gérard GIMENEZ, Pascal LAUGIER, Frédéric PATAT, Bernard QUERLEUXThe purpose of this thesis is to develop the shear elasticity probe applications, dedicated to the study of soft tissues elasticity. The probe reliability is well establish in phantoms, so two in vivo applications are presented. First, on muscles, where a linear relationship between the biceps electrical activity and the biceps shear modulus is shown. Second, on skin, where the elasticity of the dermis was found to be higher than in the hypodermis. Afterwards, this technique, known as “transient elastography”, is adapted regarding both approach, theoretical and experimental, to the assessment of new parameters, as anisotropy or non linearity. Thus, one can shown two important results: the anisotropy coefficient is very strong on muscle in vivo (about 16) and the huge difference between the second elastic coefficients (m