Geometric Approach to Digital Quantum Information

Introduction rewritten; 'Sample Application' section added. To appear in J. of Quantum Information ProcessingWe present geometric methods for uniformly discretizing the continuous N-qubit Hilbert space. When considered as the vertices of a geometrical figure, the resulting states form the equivalent of a Platonic solid. The discretization technique inherently describes a class of pi/2 rotations that connect neighboring states in the set, i.e. that leave the geometrical figures invariant. These rotations are shown to generate the Clifford group, a general group of discrete transformations on N qubits. Discretizing the N-qubit Hilbert space allows us to define its digital quantum information content, and we show that this information content grows as N^2. While we believe the discrete sets are interesting because they allow extra-classical behavior--such as quantum entanglement and quantum parallelism--to be explored while circumventing the continuity of Hilbert space, we also show how they may be a useful tool for problems in traditional quantum computation. We describe in detail the discrete sets for one and two qubits