The acculturation of middle income Hispanic households

Research on the consumer behavior of the Hispanic population has recently attracted the attention of marketing practitioners as well as researchers. This study\u27s purpose was to develop a model and scales to examine the acculturation process of Hispanic consumers with income levels of $35,000 and above, and its effects on their consumer behavior. The proposed model defined acculturation as a bilinear and multidimensional change process, measuring consumers\u27 selective change process in four dimensions: language preference, Hispanic identification, American identification, and familism. A national sample of 653 consumers was analyzed. The scales developed for testing the model showed good to high internal consistency and adequate concurrent validity. According to the results, consumers\u27 contact with Hispanic and Anglo acculturation agents generates change or reinforces consumers\u27 language preferences. Language preference fully mediates the effects of the agents on consumers\u27 American identification and familism; however, the effects of the acculturation agents on Hispanic identification are only partially mediated by individuals\u27 language preference change. It was proposed that the acculturation process would have an effect on consumers\u27 brand loyalty, attitudes towards high quality and prestigious brands, purchase frequency, and savings allocation for their children. Given the lack of significant differences between Hispanic and Anglo consumers and among Hispanic generations, only savings allocation for children\u27s future was studied intensively. According to these results, Hispanic consumers\u27 savings for their children is affected by consumers\u27 language preference through their ethnic identification and familism. No moderating effects were found for consumers\u27 gender, age, and country of origin, suggesting that individual differences do not affect consumers\u27 acculturation process. Additionally, the effects of familism were tested among ethnic groups. The results suggest not only that familism discriminates among Hispanic and Anglo consumers, but also is a significant predictor of consumers\u27 brand loyalty, brand quality attitudes, and savings allocation. Three acculturation segments were obtained through cluster analysis: bicultural, high acculturation, and low acculturation groups, supporting the biculturalism proposition