For a few decades, numerical linear algebra has seen intensive developments in both mathematical and computer science theory which have led to genuine standard software like BLAS or LAPACK.In computer algebra the situation has not advanced as much, in particular because of the diversity of the problems and because of much of the theoretical progress have been done recently.This thesis falls into a recent class of work which aims at uniforming high-performance codes from many specialized libraries into a single platform of computation. In particular, the emergence of robust and portable libraries like GMP or NTL for exact computationhas turned out to be a real asset for the development of applications in exact linear algebra.In this thesis,...