We study the conditions for optimal growth of polluting economy to be sustainable. This analysis is based on R&D growth models in which production gives rise to pollution emissions. Pollution and R&D lead to externalities that affect economic activities. For the latter, knowledge which is used as an input for innovations is nonrivalvous and patent secures the monopoly position resulting from innovation. In a first part we suppose that the function of production of innovations has unitary return on knowledge. This assumption is that of endogenous growth theory and we evaluate the fact that sustainable growth can be improved by promoting environmental friendly innovations. In the second part we take into account decreasing return on knowledge...