We studied excitation and relaxation of electrons involved during interaction of visible andVUV femtosecond pulses with dielectrics. The generated population of hot electrons, havingenergy of few eV to few tens of eV above the bottom of the conduction band, is responsible ofphenomena ranging to defect creation to optical breakdown. Owing to two techniques : photoemissionand transient photoconductivity we improve the understanding of the The firstphotoemission experiments deal with dielectrics irradiated by 30 fs IR pulses. The photoemissionspectra measured show a large population of electrons which energy rise up to 40 eV. Weinterpret this result in terms of a new absorption process : direct multiphotons interbranchtransitions. The 2nd type...