In the West Africa area and especially over the sahel, climate changing possess a great impact on the populationn where agricultural and breeding economies are exposed to drought threat. Therefore, the understanding of climate behavior and its variability, particulary the knowledge of atmospheric perturbations and theirs consequences on the rainfall dynamical processes are very important to define accomodate strategies.This thesis poit out rainfall variability due to atmospheric perturbations. The aims of this study are to understand how the perturbations in the 700 hPa wind field, the Africa Easterly Waves (AEWs) can modulate convective activity and rainfall, and the effects of these AEWs in the intra seasonal and interannal tie scales.The...