N° d'ordre : DU 1771, EDSF : 542Accurate radiotherapy treatment requires the delivery of a precise dose to the tumour volume and a good knowledge of the dose deposit to the neighbouring zones. Computation of the treatments is usually carried out by a Treatment Planning System (TPS) which needs to be precise and fast. The GATE platform for Monte-Carlo simulation based on GEANT4 is an emerging tool for nuclear medicine application that provides functionalities for fast and reliable dosimetric calculations. In this thesis, we studied in parallel a validation of the GATE platform for the modelling of electrons and photons low energy sources and the optimized use of grid infrastructures to reduce simulations computing time. GATE was validated fo...